// GxEPD2_SerialFlash_Example : Display Library example for SPI e-paper panels from Dalian Good Display and boards from Waveshare. // Requires HW SPI and Adafruit_GFX. Caution: the e-paper panels require 3.3V supply AND data lines! // // Display Library based on Demo Example from Good Display: https://www.good-display.com/companyfile/32/ // // BMP handling code extracts taken from: https://github.com/prenticedavid/MCUFRIEND_kbv/tree/master/examples/showBMP_kbv_Uno // // Author: Jean-Marc Zingg // // Version: see library.properties // // Library: https://github.com/ZinggJM/GxEPD2 // // this example uses the SerialFlash library from: https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/SerialFlash // with a modification for use with ESP32 or the STM32 package available here: https://github.com/ZinggJM/SerialFlash // download it as .zip file and install with Library Mananger method "Add .ZIP Library..." // // note that BMP bitmaps are drawn at physical position in physical orientation of the screen // Supporting Arduino Forum Topics (closed, read only): // Good Display ePaper for Arduino: https://forum.arduino.cc/t/good-display-epaper-for-arduino/419657 // Waveshare e-paper displays with SPI: https://forum.arduino.cc/t/waveshare-e-paper-displays-with-spi/467865 // // Add new topics in https://forum.arduino.cc/c/using-arduino/displays/23 for new questions and issues // see GxEPD2_wiring_examples.h for wiring suggestions and examples // NOTE for use with Waveshare ESP32 Driver Board: // **** also need to select the constructor with the parameters for this board in GxEPD2_display_selection_new_style.h **** // // The Wavehare ESP32 Driver Board uses uncommon SPI pins for the FPC connector. It uses HSPI pins, but SCK and MOSI are swapped. // To use HW SPI with the ESP32 Driver Board, HW SPI pins need be re-mapped in any case. Can be done using either HSPI or VSPI. // Other SPI clients can either be connected to the same SPI bus as the e-paper, or to the other HW SPI bus, or through SW SPI. // The logical configuration would be to use the e-paper connection on HSPI with re-mapped pins, and use VSPI for other SPI clients. // VSPI with standard VSPI pins is used by the global SPI instance of the Arduino IDE ESP32 package. // uncomment next line to use HSPI for EPD (and VSPI for SD), e.g. with Waveshare ESP32 Driver Board //#define USE_HSPI_FOR_EPD // base class GxEPD2_GFX can be used to pass references or pointers to the display instance as parameter, uses ~1.2k more code // enable or disable GxEPD2_GFX base class #define ENABLE_GxEPD2_GFX 0 // uncomment next line to use class GFX of library GFX_Root instead of Adafruit_GFX //#include // Note: if you use this with ENABLE_GxEPD2_GFX 1: // uncomment it in GxEPD2_GFX.h too, or add #include before any #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #if defined (ESP8266) const int FlashChipSelect = D1; // digital pin for flash chip CS pin #endif #if defined(ESP32) #if defined(USE_HSPI_FOR_EPD) const int FlashChipSelect = SS; #define EPD_CS 15 SPIClass hspi(HSPI); #else const int FlashChipSelect = 2; // as used with my ESP32 protoboard SD connector #endif #endif // select the display class and display driver class in the following file (new style): // don't forget to modify or override EPD_CS if needed #include "GxEPD2_display_selection_new_style.h" // function declaration with default parameter // note that BMP bitmaps are drawn at physical position in physical orientation of the screen void drawBitmapFromSerialFlash(const char *filename, int16_t x, int16_t y, bool with_color = true); // bitmap drawing using buffered graphics, e.g. for small bitmaps or for GxEPD2_154c // draws BMP bitmap according to set orientation // partial_update selects refresh mode (not effective for GxEPD2_154c) // overwrite = true does not clear buffer before drawing, use only if buffer is full height void drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered(const char *filename, int16_t x, int16_t y, bool with_color = true, bool partial_update = false, bool overwrite = false); void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); Serial.println(); Serial.println("GxEPD2_SerialFlash_Example"); #if defined(ESP32) && defined(USE_HSPI_FOR_EPD) hspi.begin(13, 12, 14, 15); // remap hspi for EPD (swap pins) display.epd2.selectSPI(hspi, SPISettings(4000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0)); #endif //display.init(115200); // default 10ms reset pulse, e.g. for bare panels with DESPI-C02 display.init(115200, true, 2, false); // USE THIS for Waveshare boards with "clever" reset circuit, 2ms reset pulse if (!SerialFlash.begin(FlashChipSelect)) { Serial.println("Unable to access SPI Flash chip"); return; } Serial.println("SerialFlash started"); listFiles(); if ((display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW0154Z04) || (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::ACeP565) || (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEY073D46) || false) { //drawBitmapsBuffered_200x200(); //drawBitmapsBuffered_other(); drawBitmapsBuffered_test(); } else { drawBitmaps_200x200(); drawBitmaps_other(); //drawBitmaps_test(); } Serial.println("GxEPD2_SerialFlash_Example done"); } void loop(void) { } void listFiles() { Serial.println("All Files on SPI Flash chip:"); SerialFlash.opendir(); while (1) { char filename[64]; uint32_t filesize; if (SerialFlash.readdir(filename, sizeof(filename), filesize)) { Serial.print(" "); Serial.print(filename); spaces(20 - strlen(filename)); Serial.print(" "); Serial.print(filesize); Serial.print(" bytes"); Serial.println(); } else { Serial.println("no more files..."); break; // no more files } } } void spaces(int num) { for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { Serial.print(" "); } } void drawBitmaps_200x200() { int16_t x = (display.width() - 200) / 2; int16_t y = (display.height() - 200) / 2; drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("logo200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("first200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("second200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("third200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("fourth200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("fifth200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("sixth200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("seventh200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("eighth200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); } void drawBitmaps_other() { int16_t w2 = display.width() / 2; int16_t h2 = display.height() / 2; drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("chanceflurries.bmp", w2 - 50, h2 - 50, false); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("betty_1.bmp", w2 - 100, h2 - 160); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("betty_4.bmp", w2 - 102, h2 - 126); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("marilyn_240x240x8.bmp", w2 - 120, h2 - 120); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("miniwoof.bmp", w2 - 60, h2 - 80); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tiger.bmp", w2 - 160, h2 - 120); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tiger_178x160x4.bmp", w2 - 89, h2 - 80); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tiger_240x317x4.bmp", w2 - 120, h2 - 160); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tiger_320x200x24.bmp", w2 - 160, h2 - 100); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("woof.bmp", w2 - 120, h2 - 160); delay(2000); } void drawBitmaps_test() { drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("output5.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("output6.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tractor_1.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tractor_4.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); //drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tractor_8.bmp", 0, 0); // format 1: BI_RLE8 is not supported //delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tractor_11.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tractor_44.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash("tractor_88.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); } void drawBitmapsBuffered_200x200() { int16_t x = (display.width() - 200) / 2; int16_t y = (display.height() - 200) / 2; drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("logo200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("first200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("second200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("third200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("fourth200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("fifth200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("sixth200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("seventh200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("eighth200x200.bmp", x, y); delay(2000); } void drawBitmapsBuffered_other() { int16_t w2 = display.width() / 2; int16_t h2 = display.height() / 2; drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("chanceflurries.bmp", w2 - 50, h2 - 50, false); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("betty_1.bmp", w2 - 100, h2 - 160); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("betty_4.bmp", w2 - 102, h2 - 126); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("marilyn_240x240x8.bmp", w2 - 120, h2 - 120); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("miniwoof.bmp", w2 - 60, h2 - 80); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("tiger.bmp", w2 - 160, h2 - 120); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("tiger_178x160x4.bmp", w2 - 89, h2 - 80); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("tiger_240x317x4.bmp", w2 - 120, h2 - 160); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("tiger_320x200x24.bmp", w2 - 160, h2 - 100); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("woof.bmp", w2 - 120, h2 - 160); delay(2000); } void drawBitmapsBuffered_test() { int16_t w2 = display.width() / 2; int16_t h2 = display.height() / 2; drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("betty_4.bmp", w2 - 102, h2 - 126); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("bb4.bmp", 0, 0, false, true, true); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("rgb32.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("parrot.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered("5in65f3.bmp", 0, 0); delay(2000); } static const uint16_t input_buffer_pixels = 800; // may affect performance static const uint16_t max_row_width = 1448; // for up to 6" display 1448x1072 static const uint16_t max_palette_pixels = 256; // for depth <= 8 uint8_t input_buffer[3 * input_buffer_pixels]; // up to depth 24 uint8_t output_row_mono_buffer[max_row_width / 8]; // buffer for at least one row of b/w bits uint8_t output_row_color_buffer[max_row_width / 8]; // buffer for at least one row of color bits uint8_t mono_palette_buffer[max_palette_pixels / 8]; // palette buffer for depth <= 8 b/w uint8_t color_palette_buffer[max_palette_pixels / 8]; // palette buffer for depth <= 8 c/w uint16_t rgb_palette_buffer[max_palette_pixels]; // palette buffer for depth <= 8 for buffered graphics, needed for 7-color display void drawBitmapFromSerialFlash(const char *filename, int16_t x, int16_t y, bool with_color) { bool valid = false; // valid format to be handled bool flip = true; // bitmap is stored bottom-to-top uint32_t startTime = millis(); if ((x >= display.epd2.WIDTH) || (y >= display.epd2.HEIGHT)) return; Serial.println(); Serial.print("Loading image '"); Serial.print(filename); Serial.println('\''); SerialFlashFile file = SerialFlash.open(filename); if (!file) { Serial.print("File not found"); return; } // Parse BMP header if (read16(file) == 0x4D42) // BMP signature { uint32_t fileSize = read32(file); uint32_t creatorBytes = read32(file); (void)creatorBytes; //unused uint32_t imageOffset = read32(file); // Start of image data uint32_t headerSize = read32(file); uint32_t width = read32(file); int32_t height = (int32_t) read32(file); uint16_t planes = read16(file); uint16_t depth = read16(file); // bits per pixel uint32_t format = read32(file); if ((planes == 1) && ((format == 0) || (format == 3))) // uncompressed is handled, 565 also { Serial.print("File size: "); Serial.println(fileSize); Serial.print("Image Offset: "); Serial.println(imageOffset); Serial.print("Header size: "); Serial.println(headerSize); Serial.print("Bit Depth: "); Serial.println(depth); Serial.print("Image size: "); Serial.print(width); Serial.print('x'); Serial.println(height); // BMP rows are padded (if needed) to 4-byte boundary uint32_t rowSize = (width * depth / 8 + 3) & ~3; if (depth < 8) rowSize = ((width * depth + 8 - depth) / 8 + 3) & ~3; if (height < 0) { height = -height; flip = false; } uint16_t w = width; uint16_t h = height; if ((x + w - 1) >= display.epd2.WIDTH) w = display.epd2.WIDTH - x; if ((y + h - 1) >= display.epd2.HEIGHT) h = display.epd2.HEIGHT - y; if (w <= max_row_width) // handle with direct drawing { valid = true; uint8_t bitmask = 0xFF; uint8_t bitshift = 8 - depth; uint16_t red, green, blue; bool whitish = false; bool colored = false; if (depth == 1) with_color = false; if (depth <= 8) { if (depth < 8) bitmask >>= depth; //file.seek(54); //palette is always @ 54 file.seek(imageOffset - (4 << depth)); // 54 for regular, diff for colorsimportant for (uint16_t pn = 0; pn < (1 << depth); pn++) { blue = read8(file); green = read8(file); red = read8(file); read8(file); whitish = with_color ? ((red > 0x80) && (green > 0x80) && (blue > 0x80)) : ((red + green + blue) > 3 * 0x80); // whitish colored = (red > 0xF0) || ((green > 0xF0) && (blue > 0xF0)); // reddish or yellowish? if (0 == pn % 8) mono_palette_buffer[pn / 8] = 0; mono_palette_buffer[pn / 8] |= whitish << pn % 8; if (0 == pn % 8) color_palette_buffer[pn / 8] = 0; color_palette_buffer[pn / 8] |= colored << pn % 8; } } display.clearScreen(); uint32_t rowPosition = flip ? imageOffset + (height - h) * rowSize : imageOffset; for (uint16_t row = 0; row < h; row++, rowPosition += rowSize) // for each line { uint32_t in_remain = rowSize; uint32_t in_idx = 0; uint32_t in_bytes = 0; uint8_t in_byte = 0; // for depth <= 8 uint8_t in_bits = 0; // for depth <= 8 uint8_t out_byte = 0xFF; // white (for w%8!=0 border) uint8_t out_color_byte = 0xFF; // white (for w%8!=0 border) uint32_t out_idx = 0; file.seek(rowPosition); for (uint16_t col = 0; col < w; col++) // for each pixel { // Time to read more pixel data? if (in_idx >= in_bytes) // ok, exact match for 24bit also (size IS multiple of 3) { in_bytes = file.read(input_buffer, in_remain > sizeof(input_buffer) ? sizeof(input_buffer) : in_remain); in_remain -= in_bytes; in_idx = 0; } switch (depth) { case 32: blue = input_buffer[in_idx++]; green = input_buffer[in_idx++]; red = input_buffer[in_idx++]; in_idx++; // skip alpha whitish = with_color ? ((red > 0x80) && (green > 0x80) && (blue > 0x80)) : ((red + green + blue) > 3 * 0x80); // whitish colored = (red > 0xF0) || ((green > 0xF0) && (blue > 0xF0)); // reddish or yellowish? break; case 24: blue = input_buffer[in_idx++]; green = input_buffer[in_idx++]; red = input_buffer[in_idx++]; whitish = with_color ? ((red > 0x80) && (green > 0x80) && (blue > 0x80)) : ((red + green + blue) > 3 * 0x80); // whitish colored = (red > 0xF0) || ((green > 0xF0) && (blue > 0xF0)); // reddish or yellowish? break; case 16: { uint8_t lsb = input_buffer[in_idx++]; uint8_t msb = input_buffer[in_idx++]; if (format == 0) // 555 { blue = (lsb & 0x1F) << 3; green = ((msb & 0x03) << 6) | ((lsb & 0xE0) >> 2); red = (msb & 0x7C) << 1; } else // 565 { blue = (lsb & 0x1F) << 3; green = ((msb & 0x07) << 5) | ((lsb & 0xE0) >> 3); red = (msb & 0xF8); } whitish = with_color ? ((red > 0x80) && (green > 0x80) && (blue > 0x80)) : ((red + green + blue) > 3 * 0x80); // whitish colored = (red > 0xF0) || ((green > 0xF0) && (blue > 0xF0)); // reddish or yellowish? } break; case 1: case 2: case 4: case 8: { if (0 == in_bits) { in_byte = input_buffer[in_idx++]; in_bits = 8; } uint16_t pn = (in_byte >> bitshift) & bitmask; whitish = mono_palette_buffer[pn / 8] & (0x1 << pn % 8); colored = color_palette_buffer[pn / 8] & (0x1 << pn % 8); in_byte <<= depth; in_bits -= depth; } break; } if (whitish) { // keep white } else if (colored && with_color) { out_color_byte &= ~(0x80 >> col % 8); // colored } else { out_byte &= ~(0x80 >> col % 8); // black } if ((7 == col % 8) || (col == w - 1)) // write that last byte! (for w%8!=0 border) { output_row_color_buffer[out_idx] = out_color_byte; output_row_mono_buffer[out_idx++] = out_byte; out_byte = 0xFF; // white (for w%8!=0 border) out_color_byte = 0xFF; // white (for w%8!=0 border) } } // end pixel uint16_t yrow = y + (flip ? h - row - 1 : row); display.writeImage(output_row_mono_buffer, output_row_color_buffer, x, yrow, w, 1); } // end line Serial.print("loaded in "); Serial.print(millis() - startTime); Serial.println(" ms"); display.refresh(); } } } file.close(); if (!valid) { Serial.println("bitmap format not handled."); } } void drawBitmapFromSerialFlash_Buffered(const char *filename, int16_t x, int16_t y, bool with_color, bool partial_update, bool overwrite) { bool valid = false; // valid format to be handled bool flip = true; // bitmap is stored bottom-to-top bool has_multicolors = (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::ACeP565) || (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEY073D46); uint32_t startTime = millis(); if ((x >= display.width()) || (y >= display.height())) return; Serial.println(); Serial.print("Loading image '"); Serial.print(filename); Serial.println('\''); SerialFlashFile file = SerialFlash.open(filename); if (!file) { Serial.print("File not found"); return; } // Parse BMP header if (read16(file) == 0x4D42) // BMP signature { uint32_t fileSize = read32(file); uint32_t creatorBytes = read32(file); (void)creatorBytes; //unused uint32_t imageOffset = read32(file); // Start of image data uint32_t headerSize = read32(file); uint32_t width = read32(file); int32_t height = (int32_t) read32(file); uint16_t planes = read16(file); uint16_t depth = read16(file); // bits per pixel uint32_t format = read32(file); if ((planes == 1) && ((format == 0) || (format == 3))) // uncompressed is handled, 565 also { Serial.print("File size: "); Serial.println(fileSize); Serial.print("Image Offset: "); Serial.println(imageOffset); Serial.print("Header size: "); Serial.println(headerSize); Serial.print("Bit Depth: "); Serial.println(depth); Serial.print("Image size: "); Serial.print(width); Serial.print('x'); Serial.println(height); // BMP rows are padded (if needed) to 4-byte boundary uint32_t rowSize = (width * depth / 8 + 3) & ~3; if (depth < 8) rowSize = ((width * depth + 8 - depth) / 8 + 3) & ~3; if (height < 0) { height = -height; flip = false; } uint16_t w = width; uint16_t h = height; if ((x + w - 1) >= display.width()) w = display.width() - x; if ((y + h - 1) >= display.height()) h = display.height() - y; //if (w <= max_row_width) // handle with direct drawing { valid = true; uint8_t bitmask = 0xFF; uint8_t bitshift = 8 - depth; uint16_t red, green, blue; bool whitish = false; bool colored = false; if (depth == 1) with_color = false; if (depth <= 8) { if (depth < 8) bitmask >>= depth; //file.seek(54); //palette is always @ 54 file.seek(imageOffset - (4 << depth)); // 54 for regular, diff for colorsimportant for (uint16_t pn = 0; pn < (1 << depth); pn++) { blue = read8(file); green = read8(file); red = read8(file); read8(file); whitish = with_color ? ((red > 0x80) && (green > 0x80) && (blue > 0x80)) : ((red + green + blue) > 3 * 0x80); // whitish colored = (red > 0xF0) || ((green > 0xF0) && (blue > 0xF0)); // reddish or yellowish? if (0 == pn % 8) mono_palette_buffer[pn / 8] = 0; mono_palette_buffer[pn / 8] |= whitish << pn % 8; if (0 == pn % 8) color_palette_buffer[pn / 8] = 0; color_palette_buffer[pn / 8] |= colored << pn % 8; rgb_palette_buffer[pn] = ((red & 0xF8) << 8) | ((green & 0xFC) << 3) | ((blue & 0xF8) >> 3); } } if (partial_update) display.setPartialWindow(x, y, w, h); else display.setFullWindow(); display.firstPage(); do { if (!overwrite) display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE); uint32_t rowPosition = flip ? imageOffset + (height - h) * rowSize : imageOffset; for (uint16_t row = 0; row < h; row++, rowPosition += rowSize) // for each line { uint32_t in_remain = rowSize; uint32_t in_idx = 0; uint32_t in_bytes = 0; uint8_t in_byte = 0; // for depth <= 8 uint8_t in_bits = 0; // for depth <= 8 uint16_t color = GxEPD_WHITE; file.seek(rowPosition); for (uint16_t col = 0; col < w; col++) // for each pixel { // Time to read more pixel data? if (in_idx >= in_bytes) // ok, exact match for 24bit also (size IS multiple of 3) { in_bytes = file.read(input_buffer, in_remain > sizeof(input_buffer) ? sizeof(input_buffer) : in_remain); in_remain -= in_bytes; in_idx = 0; } switch (depth) { case 32: blue = input_buffer[in_idx++]; green = input_buffer[in_idx++]; red = input_buffer[in_idx++]; in_idx++; // skip alpha whitish = with_color ? ((red > 0x80) && (green > 0x80) && (blue > 0x80)) : ((red + green + blue) > 3 * 0x80); // whitish colored = (red > 0xF0) || ((green > 0xF0) && (blue > 0xF0)); // reddish or yellowish? color = ((red & 0xF8) << 8) | ((green & 0xFC) << 3) | ((blue & 0xF8) >> 3); break; case 24: blue = input_buffer[in_idx++]; green = input_buffer[in_idx++]; red = input_buffer[in_idx++]; whitish = with_color ? ((red > 0x80) && (green > 0x80) && (blue > 0x80)) : ((red + green + blue) > 3 * 0x80); // whitish colored = (red > 0xF0) || ((green > 0xF0) && (blue > 0xF0)); // reddish or yellowish? color = ((red & 0xF8) << 8) | ((green & 0xFC) << 3) | ((blue & 0xF8) >> 3); break; case 16: { uint8_t lsb = input_buffer[in_idx++]; uint8_t msb = input_buffer[in_idx++]; if (format == 0) // 555 { blue = (lsb & 0x1F) << 3; green = ((msb & 0x03) << 6) | ((lsb & 0xE0) >> 2); red = (msb & 0x7C) << 1; color = ((red & 0xF8) << 8) | ((green & 0xFC) << 3) | ((blue & 0xF8) >> 3); } else // 565 { blue = (lsb & 0x1F) << 3; green = ((msb & 0x07) << 5) | ((lsb & 0xE0) >> 3); red = (msb & 0xF8); color = (msb << 8) | lsb; } whitish = with_color ? ((red > 0x80) && (green > 0x80) && (blue > 0x80)) : ((red + green + blue) > 3 * 0x80); // whitish colored = (red > 0xF0) || ((green > 0xF0) && (blue > 0xF0)); // reddish or yellowish? } break; case 1: case 2: case 4: case 8: { if (0 == in_bits) { in_byte = input_buffer[in_idx++]; in_bits = 8; } uint16_t pn = (in_byte >> bitshift) & bitmask; whitish = mono_palette_buffer[pn / 8] & (0x1 << pn % 8); colored = color_palette_buffer[pn / 8] & (0x1 << pn % 8); in_byte <<= depth; in_bits -= depth; color = rgb_palette_buffer[pn]; } break; } if (with_color && has_multicolors) { // keep color } else if (whitish) { color = GxEPD_WHITE; } else if (colored && with_color) { color = GxEPD_COLORED; } else { color = GxEPD_BLACK; } uint16_t yrow = y + (flip ? h - row - 1 : row); display.drawPixel(x + col, yrow, color); } // end pixel } // end line } while (display.nextPage()); Serial.print("loaded in "); Serial.print(millis() - startTime); Serial.println(" ms"); } } } file.close(); if (!valid) { Serial.println("bitmap format not handled."); } } uint8_t read8(SerialFlashFile& f) { uint8_t result; f.read((void*)&result, 1); return result; } uint16_t read16(SerialFlashFile& f) { // BMP data is stored little-endian, same as Arduino. uint16_t result; f.read((void*)&result, 2); return result; } uint32_t read32(SerialFlashFile& f) { // BMP data is stored little-endian, same as Arduino. uint32_t result; f.read((void*)&result, 4); return result; }